|
|
 | | From: | habshi | | Subject: | Re: China Promotes Another Boom: Nuclear Power | | Date: | Sat, 22 Jan 2005 23:07:01 GMT |
|
|
 | Can India really generate 500,000 MW ( half of US total
generating capacity ) with fast breeders ? India graduates 250,000
engineers a year compared to US 50,000 so it might
excerpts
http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/story/0,,1396163,00.html
Wipro, he says, can chose from 280,000 engineering graduates every
year, with another 200,000 college diploma-holders who are "easily
trainable".
"In the United States annually there are just 50,000 engineering
graduates. In fact, colleges produce more sports therapists than
engineers. Perhaps because America is a sporty country; a lot of
Net electricity generation in the United States reached 3883 billion
KWh in 2003, 0.6% higher than in 2002, according to Electric Power
Annual 2003, released Friday by the Energy Information Administration
(EIA). This growth rate is significantly below the average annual
growth rate of 2.4% between 1992 and 2003, due mainly to a cooler
summer than the previous year.
freontlineonnet.com
How important are the fast breeder reactors in ensuring India's energy
security?
Fast breeder reactors are more important to India than other countries
that have capabilities in nuclear power technology. This is because of
the nuclear resource profile we have in the country. Our uranium
reserves, as per the present state of exploration, will be able to
support 10,000 MWe generating capacity, which is not large. But it is
the starting point for setting up fast reactors. When the same
uranium, which will support 10,000 MWe generating capacity in the
PHWRs, comes out as spent fuel and we process that spent fuel into
plutonium and residual uranium, and use it in the fast reactors, we
will be able to go to an electricity generation capacity that will be
as large as 5,00,000 MWe. This is due to the breeding potential of the
fast reactors, using the plutonium-uranium cycle. That is the
importance of the fast breeder reactors under Indian conditions,
compared to other countries.
The world is watching with interest our entry into the breeder reactor
programme. Countries such as France, the United States and the United
Kingdom have not persisted with their breeder reactor programme.
France has closed its Superphoenix fast breeder reactor. There are
allegations that the Japanese have falsified their data with regard to
their breeder reactor programme. Japan's Monju breeder reactor is now
shut down. Are we entering an area from where others have backed out?
That is not true. There is a programme called Generation Four
Initiative Forum, GIF for short. This is led by the U.S. in which 10
other countries are participating. They have nuclear power reactor
configurations that are important for the future. They have identified
a total of six configurations, six reactors. Out of that, three or
four are fast reactors. So the importance of fast reactors in future
energy requirements is recognised worldwide. In fact, in Russia, an
800 MWe fast reactor is under construction. The ground reality now is
that uranium is available at a much cheaper price internationally. In
this situation of plenty of uranium availability, there is no urgency
for these countries to move on to fast breeder reactor technology.
This, however, is not the case with us.
How many breeder reactors will we build in the near future? The IGCAR
is designing a 1,000 MWe fast breeder reactor.
It is like this. We are making a beginning with the first 500 MWe and
we will complete it by 2010. After that, we will build more such
units. We have planned four in the programme up to 2020. The
development of the fast breeder technology will go on at the IGCAR. In
this development, we will proceed in two directions.
One will be based on metallic fuel?
I will come to that. One direction is to go for higher capacity
reactors, maybe developing 1,000 MWe reactors. The other direction is
to use the reactor design and its associated fuel cycle, which will
have a shorter doubling time because we get into a higher and higher
generating capacity through the breeding process. The faster the
breeding, the quicker will be the rise in the fast breeder reactor's
capacity. So we should pursue both the directions: one is the higher
reactor unit size, and the other, the fuel cycle, which has a shorter
doubling time. In this we have drawn the entire road map, including
R&D activities, the development that should be done and, the new
energy systems to be built.
The Prime Minister promised full support to the third stage of the
country's nuclear electricity programme, which will use thorium as
fuel. The 300 MWe Advanced Heavy Water Reactor (AHWR), which will use
thorium as fuel, is your pet project. Its construction was to begin
before the end of last April. Why is the delay?
The fast breeder reactors constitute the second stage of our
programme. While we have scarcity in terms of uranium, our thorium
resources are abundant. [The third stage of our programme using]
thorium-uranium 233 fuel can run in a sustained mode for a long time.
So we have made this our third stage after we have sufficient capacity
through breeder reactors. For if you irradiate thorium at a higher
capacity level, then you will have a very long programme at a higher
capacity level. We are also working on the development [of reactors]
that will allow growth with the thorium fuel cycle. Besides, we have
programmes on other applications of thorium, such as the high
temperature energy generation. All this constitutes the third stage of
our nuclear power programme, that is, demonstrating large-scale
electricity generation using thorium.
A second part of this programme is to demonstrate our ability to build
systems where thorium-based electricity generation can grow. The third
part is to build advanced energy systems where we can get energy from
fission at high temperature. This will be done by primarily using
thorium. We have prepared plans for this as well. We have published
this as a DAE document called "Shaping the Third Stage of Our Nuclear
Power Programme". This will be essentially an R&D and technology
development programme. There is a lot of work to be done on this. As
we commercialise the second stage, we have to complete the entire R&D,
and technology, and be ready with it when it is time for
commercialisation of the third stage. We are very happy with the
support promised by the Prime Minister.
The AHWR will be one of the first elements in the third stage. Its
design is complete. We have prepared the project report. We have
completed a peer review by knowledgeable people other than those who
designed it. A fairly large amount of R&D work has been completed.
There is more R&D work to be done. It is true that we should have
started the AHWR construction this year. But we felt that since the
reactor will be ultimately implemented in the public domain, it is
important that its design is also reviewed by the Atomic Energy
Regulatory Board [which keeps a tab on safety in nuclear power
facilities in the country]. So we have now created an arrangement
wherein for such developments [reactors], which will ultimately go out
of the BARC for use by society or industry, the safety aspects should
be entrusted with the AERB. We are in the process of making that
arrangement now.
Is that the reason for the delay?
This took a little time. We will go through the AERB review. We have
deliberately withheld [the construction] because we have safety in our
mind. The AHWR has an innovative concept. It should be looked at by
all the safety people. I cannot predict the time [when its
construction will start]. I am sure the safety review will be
completed soon enough for us to decide on further steps.
We have launched R&D activity on accelerator driven systems, which
will enable the growth of higher capacity thorium reactors. We have
made a beginning with the third part of the third stage with a compact
high temperature reactor (CHTR). We are at this moment going through
material development, which will allow us to construct such reactors.
The idea is that if we are able to generate fission energy, say at
1,000°C, you can make splitting of water by thermo-chemical means an
economic reality.
What is its use?
Once you get hydrogen, you get a fluid fuel substitute. Hydrogen
On October 23, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh inaugurated the
construction of the 500 MWe Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor at
Kalpakkam in Tamil Nadu. It marked the start of the second stage of
the country's nuclear electricity programme, which involves the
building of a series of breeder reactors to ensure India's energy
security. The same day, the Prime Minister took part in the
commemoration function of the Department of Atomic Energy's (DAE)
golden jubilee celebrations at the Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic
Research (IGCAR) at Kalpakkam.
In a recent interview to T.S. Subramanian, the Chairman, Atomic Energy
Commission and Secretary, DAE, Anil Kakodkar listed not only the
achievements of the DAE in the last 50 years but the challenges it
faced. Excerpts:
What are the achievements and failures of the DAE in the last 50
years?
In the last 50 years, one important thing is that we have a large,
capable human resource pool of scientists and technologists. This is a
formidable force, which can deliver the goods. This, I think, is a
very important achievement.
The second important achievement is that our programme on the basis of
self-reliance has demonstrated that we can take our R&D [research and
development] efforts, carried out in our laboratories, to a commercial
scale of excellence in the market place. So there is the confidence
that this can be done.
The third achievement is that the first stage of India's nuclear power
programme, currently consisting of 12 Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors
(PHWRs), is completely in the industrial domain. It will grow on its
own steam.
Lastly, as a result of the consolidation of the entire work done in
the last 50 years, we now have a clearly defined road map for future
R&D, and its commercialisation.
In terms of "failures" - I will not call them failures, but we did see
several challenges. For example, embargoes have been a major
challenge. Embargoes have not deterred us from making progress; in
fact, they have made our self-reliance that much more robust.
Obviously, the dimensions of our programme would have been bigger if
we had been able to do things at a much faster pace
At the end of 2003, total net summer generating capacity was 948
gigawatts, an increase of 4.8% from 2002. The industry added 48
gigawatts of new capacity, the second largest amount of capacity added
in any single year behind 2002 when 58 gigawatts were added. Following
the recent trend in large natural gas-fired capacity additions, 80% of
the new unit capacity added in 2003 was natural gas-fired. Natural gas
and dual-fired (units that can use either natural gas or petroleum)
capacity together now account for 40% of the total generating
capacity. Hydroelectric and nuclear each has a 10% share of the total.
Although coal-fired plants in 2003 maintained the largest share of
U.S. electric generating capacity, their share of capacity continued
its long decline and now accounts for 33% of the total U.S. capacity
(down from 41% in 1992).
Although coal’s share of capacity continued to decline, coal plants
still accounted for 51% of generation. Nuclear plants accounted for
20% of generation in 2003, nearly unchanged from 2002. Usage of other
fossil fuels accounted for another 20% share of total generation (3%
from petroleum and 17% from natural gas).
In 2003, the weighted On 22 Jan 2005 12:34:43 -0800, ano457@yahoo.com
(ano457) wrote:
China Promotes Another Boom: Nuclear Power
THE NEW YORK TIMES January 15, 2005 By HOWARD W. FRENCH
Current plans - conservative ones, in the estimation of some people
involved in China's nuclear energy program - call for new reactors to
be commissioned at a rate of nearly two a year between now and 2020, a
pace that experts say is comparable to the peak of the United States'
nuclear energy push in the 1970's.
"We will certainly build more than one reactor per year," said Zhou
Dadi, director of the central government's Energy Research Institute,
which has strongly supported the country's nuclear program. "The
challenge is not the technology. The barriers for China are mostly
institutional arrangements, because reactors are big projects. What we
need most is better operation, financing and management."
By 2010, planners predict a quadrupling of nuclear output to 16
billion kilowatt-hours and a doubling of that figure by 2015. And with
commercial nuclear energy programs dead or stagnant in the United
States and most of Europe, Western and other developers of nuclear
plant technology are lining up to sell reactors and other equipment to
the Chinese, whose purchasing decisions alone will determine in many
instances who survives in the business.
France, which derives about a third of its energy from nuclear power,
is the only Western country committed to a large-scale nuclear energy
program. It is in a building lull now, but will need to begin
replacing aging reactors within a decade or so.
Japan derives about 10 percent of its energy from nuclear sources and
was once among the most favorably disposed toward nuclear energy. But
a string of scandals involving comically shoddy practices, like mixing
radioactive materials in a bucket, and near accidents have turned
public opinion in many areas strongly antinuclear.
|
|
| | From: | Uncle Al | | Subject: | Re: China Promotes Another Boom: Nuclear Power | | Date: | Sat, 22 Jan 2005 17:18:02 -0800 |
|
|
| habshi wrote:
>
> Can India really generate 500,000 MW ( half of US total
> generating capacity ) with fast breeders ? India graduates 250,000
> engineers a year compared to US 50,000 so it might
[snip]
Wog engineers? Snigger. The few good ones flee to the US. The
sewage stays in the sewer.
Idiot wog.
--
Uncle Al
http://www.mazepath.com/uncleal/
(Toxic URL! Unsafe for children and most mammals)
http://www.mazepath.com/uncleal/qz.pdf
|
|
| | From: | Uno | | Subject: | Re: China Promotes Another Boom: Nuclear Power | | Date: | Sun, 23 Jan 2005 04:48:22 GMT |
|
|
|
"habshi" wrote in message
news:41f2dac0.3847612@news.clara.net...
> Can India really generate 500,000 MW ( half of US total
> generating capacity ) with fast breeders ? India graduates 250,000
> engineers a year compared to US 50,000 so it might
>
Very few American study Engineering in the college. There are too much work
in the engineering college. Most of them drop out. However, most American
company hires many engineers without engineering graduate requirement. Most
of the engineer position can be from any fields that make US has unlimited
engineers.
> excerpts
>
> http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/story/0,,1396163,00.html
> Wipro, he says, can chose from 280,000 engineering graduates every
> year, with another 200,000 college diploma-holders who are "easily
> trainable".
>
> "In the United States annually there are just 50,000 engineering
> graduates. In fact, colleges produce more sports therapists than
> engineers. Perhaps because America is a sporty country; a lot of
>
> Net electricity generation in the United States reached 3883 billion
> KWh in 2003, 0.6% higher than in 2002, according to Electric Power
> Annual 2003, released Friday by the Energy Information Administration
> (EIA). This growth rate is significantly below the average annual
> growth rate of 2.4% between 1992 and 2003, due mainly to a cooler
> summer than the previous year.
> freontlineonnet.com
> How important are the fast breeder reactors in ensuring India's energy
> security?
>
> Fast breeder reactors are more important to India than other countries
> that have capabilities in nuclear power technology. This is because of
> the nuclear resource profile we have in the country. Our uranium
> reserves, as per the present state of exploration, will be able to
> support 10,000 MWe generating capacity, which is not large. But it is
> the starting point for setting up fast reactors. When the same
> uranium, which will support 10,000 MWe generating capacity in the
> PHWRs, comes out as spent fuel and we process that spent fuel into
> plutonium and residual uranium, and use it in the fast reactors, we
> will be able to go to an electricity generation capacity that will be
> as large as 5,00,000 MWe. This is due to the breeding potential of the
> fast reactors, using the plutonium-uranium cycle. That is the
> importance of the fast breeder reactors under Indian conditions,
> compared to other countries.
>
> The world is watching with interest our entry into the breeder reactor
> programme. Countries such as France, the United States and the United
> Kingdom have not persisted with their breeder reactor programme.
> France has closed its Superphoenix fast breeder reactor. There are
> allegations that the Japanese have falsified their data with regard to
> their breeder reactor programme. Japan's Monju breeder reactor is now
> shut down. Are we entering an area from where others have backed out?
>
> That is not true. There is a programme called Generation Four
> Initiative Forum, GIF for short. This is led by the U.S. in which 10
> other countries are participating. They have nuclear power reactor
> configurations that are important for the future. They have identified
> a total of six configurations, six reactors. Out of that, three or
> four are fast reactors. So the importance of fast reactors in future
> energy requirements is recognised worldwide. In fact, in Russia, an
> 800 MWe fast reactor is under construction. The ground reality now is
> that uranium is available at a much cheaper price internationally. In
> this situation of plenty of uranium availability, there is no urgency
> for these countries to move on to fast breeder reactor technology.
> This, however, is not the case with us.
>
> How many breeder reactors will we build in the near future? The IGCAR
> is designing a 1,000 MWe fast breeder reactor.
>
> It is like this. We are making a beginning with the first 500 MWe and
> we will complete it by 2010. After that, we will build more such
> units. We have planned four in the programme up to 2020. The
> development of the fast breeder technology will go on at the IGCAR. In
> this development, we will proceed in two directions.
>
> One will be based on metallic fuel?
>
> I will come to that. One direction is to go for higher capacity
> reactors, maybe developing 1,000 MWe reactors. The other direction is
> to use the reactor design and its associated fuel cycle, which will
> have a shorter doubling time because we get into a higher and higher
> generating capacity through the breeding process. The faster the
> breeding, the quicker will be the rise in the fast breeder reactor's
> capacity. So we should pursue both the directions: one is the higher
> reactor unit size, and the other, the fuel cycle, which has a shorter
> doubling time. In this we have drawn the entire road map, including
> R&D activities, the development that should be done and, the new
> energy systems to be built.
>
> The Prime Minister promised full support to the third stage of the
> country's nuclear electricity programme, which will use thorium as
> fuel. The 300 MWe Advanced Heavy Water Reactor (AHWR), which will use
> thorium as fuel, is your pet project. Its construction was to begin
> before the end of last April. Why is the delay?
>
> The fast breeder reactors constitute the second stage of our
> programme. While we have scarcity in terms of uranium, our thorium
> resources are abundant. [The third stage of our programme using]
> thorium-uranium 233 fuel can run in a sustained mode for a long time.
> So we have made this our third stage after we have sufficient capacity
> through breeder reactors. For if you irradiate thorium at a higher
> capacity level, then you will have a very long programme at a higher
> capacity level. We are also working on the development [of reactors]
> that will allow growth with the thorium fuel cycle. Besides, we have
> programmes on other applications of thorium, such as the high
> temperature energy generation. All this constitutes the third stage of
> our nuclear power programme, that is, demonstrating large-scale
> electricity generation using thorium.
>
> A second part of this programme is to demonstrate our ability to build
> systems where thorium-based electricity generation can grow. The third
> part is to build advanced energy systems where we can get energy from
> fission at high temperature. This will be done by primarily using
> thorium. We have prepared plans for this as well. We have published
> this as a DAE document called "Shaping the Third Stage of Our Nuclear
> Power Programme". This will be essentially an R&D and technology
> development programme. There is a lot of work to be done on this. As
> we commercialise the second stage, we have to complete the entire R&D,
> and technology, and be ready with it when it is time for
> commercialisation of the third stage. We are very happy with the
> support promised by the Prime Minister.
>
> The AHWR will be one of the first elements in the third stage. Its
> design is complete. We have prepared the project report. We have
> completed a peer review by knowledgeable people other than those who
> designed it. A fairly large amount of R&D work has been completed.
> There is more R&D work to be done. It is true that we should have
> started the AHWR construction this year. But we felt that since the
> reactor will be ultimately implemented in the public domain, it is
> important that its design is also reviewed by the Atomic Energy
> Regulatory Board [which keeps a tab on safety in nuclear power
> facilities in the country]. So we have now created an arrangement
> wherein for such developments [reactors], which will ultimately go out
> of the BARC for use by society or industry, the safety aspects should
> be entrusted with the AERB. We are in the process of making that
> arrangement now.
>
> Is that the reason for the delay?
>
> This took a little time. We will go through the AERB review. We have
> deliberately withheld [the construction] because we have safety in our
> mind. The AHWR has an innovative concept. It should be looked at by
> all the safety people. I cannot predict the time [when its
> construction will start]. I am sure the safety review will be
> completed soon enough for us to decide on further steps.
>
> We have launched R&D activity on accelerator driven systems, which
> will enable the growth of higher capacity thorium reactors. We have
> made a beginning with the third part of the third stage with a compact
> high temperature reactor (CHTR). We are at this moment going through
> material development, which will allow us to construct such reactors.
> The idea is that if we are able to generate fission energy, say at
> 1,000°C, you can make splitting of water by thermo-chemical means an
> economic reality.
>
> What is its use?
>
> Once you get hydrogen, you get a fluid fuel substitute. Hydrogen
>
> On October 23, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh inaugurated the
> construction of the 500 MWe Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor at
> Kalpakkam in Tamil Nadu. It marked the start of the second stage of
> the country's nuclear electricity programme, which involves the
> building of a series of breeder reactors to ensure India's energy
> security. The same day, the Prime Minister took part in the
> commemoration function of the Department of Atomic Energy's (DAE)
> golden jubilee celebrations at the Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic
> Research (IGCAR) at Kalpakkam.
>
> In a recent interview to T.S. Subramanian, the Chairman, Atomic Energy
> Commission and Secretary, DAE, Anil Kakodkar listed not only the
> achievements of the DAE in the last 50 years but the challenges it
> faced. Excerpts:
>
> What are the achievements and failures of the DAE in the last 50
> years?
>
> In the last 50 years, one important thing is that we have a large,
> capable human resource pool of scientists and technologists. This is a
> formidable force, which can deliver the goods. This, I think, is a
> very important achievement.
>
> The second important achievement is that our programme on the basis of
> self-reliance has demonstrated that we can take our R&D [research and
> development] efforts, carried out in our laboratories, to a commercial
> scale of excellence in the market place. So there is the confidence
> that this can be done.
>
> The third achievement is that the first stage of India's nuclear power
> programme, currently consisting of 12 Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors
> (PHWRs), is completely in the industrial domain. It will grow on its
> own steam.
>
> Lastly, as a result of the consolidation of the entire work done in
> the last 50 years, we now have a clearly defined road map for future
> R&D, and its commercialisation.
>
> In terms of "failures" - I will not call them failures, but we did see
> several challenges. For example, embargoes have been a major
> challenge. Embargoes have not deterred us from making progress; in
> fact, they have made our self-reliance that much more robust.
> Obviously, the dimensions of our programme would have been bigger if
> we had been able to do things at a much faster pace
>
>
> At the end of 2003, total net summer generating capacity was 948
> gigawatts, an increase of 4.8% from 2002. The industry added 48
> gigawatts of new capacity, the second largest amount of capacity added
> in any single year behind 2002 when 58 gigawatts were added. Following
> the recent trend in large natural gas-fired capacity additions, 80% of
> the new unit capacity added in 2003 was natural gas-fired. Natural gas
> and dual-fired (units that can use either natural gas or petroleum)
> capacity together now account for 40% of the total generating
> capacity. Hydroelectric and nuclear each has a 10% share of the total.
> Although coal-fired plants in 2003 maintained the largest share of
> U.S. electric generating capacity, their share of capacity continued
> its long decline and now accounts for 33% of the total U.S. capacity
> (down from 41% in 1992).
>
>
> Although coal's share of capacity continued to decline, coal plants
> still accounted for 51% of generation. Nuclear plants accounted for
> 20% of generation in 2003, nearly unchanged from 2002. Usage of other
> fossil fuels accounted for another 20% share of total generation (3%
> from petroleum and 17% from natural gas).
>
>
> In 2003, the weighted On 22 Jan 2005 12:34:43 -0800, ano457@yahoo.com
> (ano457) wrote:
>
> China Promotes Another Boom: Nuclear Power
>
> THE NEW YORK TIMES January 15, 2005 By HOWARD W. FRENCH
>
>
>
> Current plans - conservative ones, in the estimation of some people
> involved in China's nuclear energy program - call for new reactors to
> be commissioned at a rate of nearly two a year between now and 2020, a
> pace that experts say is comparable to the peak of the United States'
> nuclear energy push in the 1970's.
>
> "We will certainly build more than one reactor per year," said Zhou
> Dadi, director of the central government's Energy Research Institute,
> which has strongly supported the country's nuclear program. "The
> challenge is not the technology. The barriers for China are mostly
> institutional arrangements, because reactors are big projects. What we
> need most is better operation, financing and management."
>
> By 2010, planners predict a quadrupling of nuclear output to 16
> billion kilowatt-hours and a doubling of that figure by 2015. And with
> commercial nuclear energy programs dead or stagnant in the United
> States and most of Europe, Western and other developers of nuclear
> plant technology are lining up to sell reactors and other equipment to
> the Chinese, whose purchasing decisions alone will determine in many
> instances who survives in the business.
>
> France, which derives about a third of its energy from nuclear power,
> is the only Western country committed to a large-scale nuclear energy
> program. It is in a building lull now, but will need to begin
> replacing aging reactors within a decade or so.
>
> Japan derives about 10 percent of its energy from nuclear sources and
> was once among the most favorably disposed toward nuclear energy. But
> a string of scandals involving comically shoddy practices, like mixing
> radioactive materials in a bucket, and near accidents have turned
> public opinion in many areas strongly antinuclear.
>
|
|
| | From: | Boris Mohar | | Subject: | Re: China Promotes Another Boom: Nuclear Power | | Date: | Sat, 22 Jan 2005 18:21:29 -0500 |
|
|
| On Sat, 22 Jan 2005 23:07:01 GMT, habshi@anony.com (habshi) wrote:
> Can India really generate 500,000 MW ( half of US total
>generating capacity ) with fast breeders ? India graduates 250,000
>engineers a year compared to US 50,000 so it might
>
I guess they are fast breeders.
--
Boris Mohar
|
|
| | From: | jimp at specsol-spam-sux.com | | Subject: | Re: China Promotes Another Boom: Nuclear Power | | Date: | Sat, 22 Jan 2005 23:25:53 +0000 (UTC) |
|
|
| In sci.physics habshi wrote:
> Can India really generate 500,000 MW ( half of US total
> generating capacity ) with fast breeders ? India graduates 250,000
> engineers a year compared to US 50,000 so it might
Given India's ability to provide a working sewer system, I would bet
on the whole country glowing blue at night if they try.
--
Jim Pennino
Remove -spam-sux to reply.
|
|
| | From: | habshi | | Subject: | Re: China Promotes Another Boom: Nuclear Power | | Date: | Sun, 23 Jan 2005 11:58:39 GMT |
|
|
| The earth gets two billionths of the sun's output each second
.. All we need to do is to increase it slightly by putting mirrors near
the sun and beaming lasers to earth . Ghost do the calculations work
out ? 10m MW should be enough to supply the whole world
excerpt independent.co.uk
Afterwards he told The Independent on Sunday that widespread dying of
coral reefs, and rapid melting of ice in the Arctic, had driven him to
the conclusion that the danger point the IPCC had been set up to avoid
had already been reached.
Reefs throughout the world are perishing as the seas warm up: as water
temperatures rise, they lose their colours and turn a ghostly white.
Partly as a result, up to a quarter of the world's corals have been
destroyed.
And in November, a multi-year study by 300 scientists concluded that
the Arctic was warming twice as fast as the rest of the world and that
its ice-cap had shrunk by up to 20 per cent in the past three decades.
The ice is also 40 per cent thinner than it was in the 1970s and is
expected to disappear altogether by 2070. And while Dr Pachauri was
speaking parts of the Arctic were having a January "heatwave", with
temperatures eight to nine degrees centigrade higher than normal.
He also cited alarming measurements, first reported in The Independent
on Sunday, showing that levels of carbon dioxide (the main cause of
global warming) have leapt abruptly over the past two years,
suggesting that climate change may be accelerating out of control.
He added that, because of inertia built into the Earth's natural
systems, the world was now only experiencing the result of pollution
emitted in the 1960s, and much greater effects would occur as the
increased pollution of later decades worked its way through. He
concluded: "We are risking the ability of the human race to survive."
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| | From: | jimp at specsol-spam-sux.com | | Subject: | Re: China Promotes Another Boom: Nuclear Power | | Date: | Sun, 23 Jan 2005 15:38:03 +0000 (UTC) |
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| In sci.physics habshi wrote:
> The earth gets two billionths of the sun's output each second
> . All we need to do is to increase it slightly by putting mirrors near
> the sun and beaming lasers to earth . Ghost do the calculations work
> out ? 10m MW should be enough to supply the whole world
And warm up the Earth even more in the process (if it were possible to
do this, which it is not).
I thought you were terrified of global warming and all the forests
bursting into flames?
Now you're pushing a scheme to warm up the Earth?
You are not only an idiot, but a self-contradictory idiot.
--
Jim Pennino
Remove -spam-sux to reply.
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| | From: | habshi | | Subject: | Re: China Promotes Another Boom: Nuclear Power | | Date: | Sun, 23 Jan 2005 15:59:44 GMT |
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| On Sun, 23 Jan 2005 15:38:03 +0000 (UTC), jimp@specsol-spam-sux.com
wrote:
>And warm up the Earth even more in the process (if it were possible to
do this, which it is not).<
Not really . You would be able to close all gas and coal and
oil burning stations . The earth can radiate away the extra heat , if
it were not for carbon dioxide trapping and if you stop fossil fuels
you wont have it .
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